A New Vision for Pershing Square, 27 Years in the Making

Think it’s taken a long time to plan the new World Trade Center, solve the problems of Penn Station and build a Second Avenue subway? Consider this:

Department of Design and Construction What the benches will look like.

In 1987, the Grand Central Partnership proposed closing the underused southbound leg of Park Avenue between 42nd and 41st Streets, across from Grand Central Terminal’s main entrance, to create a landscaped pedestrian plaza that would turn Pershing Square from an afterthought into an amenity.

In 2014, if all goes according to plan, the partnership will get its wish â€" 27 years later.

“What was envisioned here was a full-blown, fully designed, parklike public space,” Alfred C. Cerullo III, the president and chief executive of the partnership, said over coffee at the Pershing Square restaurant, which is tucked under the Park Avenue viaduct and looks out at the square. “It’s not just chairs and tables on a painted street.” Without missing a beat, he added, “Not that there’s anything wrong with that.”

Pershing Square, if you’re looking for it, is not much more an actual square than Times Square. The name refers to the area flanking the viaduct south of Grand Central.

The plaza plan calls for the sloping roadbed and sidewalk to be replaced by shallow terraces of asphalt and concrete paving stones, with granite curbs and steps. One of the terraces will be used by the restaurant as an outdoor cafe. Three honey locusts are to be planted at the north end of the plaza, near a “rain garden” of sedges, ferns, sweet flag and iris in which runoff water will be captured for reuse. At the south end will be two planting beds of miscanthus and fountain grass. The garden and one of the beds will be bordered with oak and steel benches.

Mr. Cerullo cited at least one advantage to the restaurant having a level surface for its outdoor cafe, rather than the current incline. “They can fill people’s drinks to the top,” he said.

The $2 million landscaping, designed by Quennell Rothschild & Partners, with engineering by URS, is part of a larger $13.5 million repair and replacement of city water and sewer lines under Park Avenue.

“As is quite often the case, behind what you see on the surface is a lot of infrastructure work,” said David J. Burney, commissioner of the Department of Design and Construction, which will develop the project for the Department of Transportation and the Grand Central Partnership and which anticipates opening contractors’ bids in May.

As it is now, the southbound leg is partly closed from April through October to accommodate the restaurant’s outdoor cafe. City officials are not worried that a permanent closing will congest traffic. In fact, they believe it may help eastbound traffic on 42nd by eliminating the bottleneck of motorists waiting to turn right on Park.

“Pershing Square has been a summer oasis for Midtown and this project will make it a year-round destination,” Janette Sadik-Khan, the transportation commissioner, said in a statement. “The area around Grand Central is a real neighborhood and the local community supported the vision that our streets need to do more than just get you from place to place. They also need room where you can do something as simple as stop, enjoy a cup of coffee and take a fresh look at old New York.”

Department of Design and Construction Plan of the plaza pinpoints features like a “rain garden,” at right, that will collect runoff water; three honey locusts, shown in outline; and the curving edges of the terraces. In this view, Park Avenue is horizontal, with East 41st Street on the left and East 42nd Street on the right. The large enclosed white sace at bottom is the Pershing Square restaurant.

This was precisely the idea laid out by the partnership in its 1987 prospectus, “New Life for a Midtown Business District.” It recommended the eviction of the “low-end” discount store under the viaduct and its replacement by “a glass-walled street cafe,” which turned out to be Pershing Square, the restaurant. The report called for closing Park Avenue from 42nd Street to 40th Street and creating a “pedestrian park, with new paving, trees, planting, lights and seating.”

Mr. Cerullo said the idea, formed when Edward I. Koch was mayor, lay dormant through a less-than-sympathetic mayoral regime (he named no names) and hatched during the Bloomberg administration, after the restaurant had demonstrated its success in drawing diners to the once-forlorn viaduct.

“You got the feel of what public space and usage could be,” he said. “The cafe business went into the post-work hours. People were having cocktails waiting for their trains and having business meetings in the middle of Park Avenue. It was very exciting.”

Mr. Cerullo already has his eye on another objective: closing the leg of Park Avenue east of the viaduct. In the meanwhile, the city plans to relocate the airport bus stop that operates there and install a large bicycle rental station.

Grand Central Partnership This 1987 plan envisioned landscaping on both the east and west sides of the Park Avenue viaduct at Pershing Square. For now, only the west side will become a plaza.